TA Notes for X-Rays

Pre-Meeting

Make sure that the students have a good grasp of the concepts in the Research section of the experiment wiki page.

Don't go into detail on how to setup and operate the apparatus. This is best learned in the lab. Instead make sure that they understand the purpose of the different parts of the apparatus and how they are used in a functional sense to make measurements in the lab.

Day 1 In Lab

Mapping out the emission spectrum is a good goal for day 1. Particular attention should be paid to taking careful data in the regions of the $K_{\alpha}$ and $K_{\beta}$ peaks, as well as the high energy cutoff as these are the areas where they will need to obtain quantitative results.

If they have an hour left in the lab period after finishing the emission spectrum they can move on to Mosley's Law.

Day 2 In Lab

Complete any measurement from day one which was not finished.

Measure the absorption spectra for the three metals provided.

Investigate Mosley's Law if not already done.

Post-Meeting

The post meeting should focus on how well they completed the emission, absorption and Mosley's Law measurements. Likely short comings which would need to be addressed in day three would include:

  • Incomplete data sets.
  • Not enough data across the emission peaks or through the high energy cutoff.
  • Not enough data points to accurately pin down the location of the absorption edges.

Day 3 In Lab

Day three is most likely to be needed to finish up data collection for emission, absorption and/or Mosley's Law. Or revisiting one or more of these in order to collect more data.

One thing which a good pair of students can investigate is the effect of crystal misalignment on the uncertainty in energy. By misaligning the crystal by different amounts and measuring the shift in the location of the $K_{\alpha}$ and/or $K_{\beta}$ peaks one can quantify this effect.